automatic generation control

I will talk today with you about an important equipment used in power system utilities, it is the Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). From its name it is a regulator which regulates the output voltage at a nominal constant voltage level.
Role of AVR AVR (Automatic voltage regulator) has following roles.
1- To regulate generator terminal voltage.
Mainly generator under no-load condition, AVR regulates the generator voltage to voltage setter (90R). *AVR detects terminal voltage and compare with voltage setter (90R).
*AVR regulates field current via the Exciter.
*Generator terminal voltage is regulated by field current.
Vt < 90R _ Field current will be increase Vt >
90R _ Field current will be decrease

2-To adjust MVars (Reactive power).
When the generator connected to power grid, AVR adjust reactive power by regulate generator voltage. MVar (Reactive power: Q) is regulated by generator terminal voltage.
Therefore AVR can regulate MVars.
Vt is increased _ MVars will be increase Vt is decreased _ MVars will be decrease Hence;
To increase MVars _ 90R raise To decrease MVars _ 90R lower

3-To improve the power system stability.
There are two stability -
Transient stability …… Improved by AVR
Dynamic stability ……. Improved by PSS (power system stabilizer)
* Improve the Transient stability Transient stability is improved by high initial response characteristic.
In the fault condition, Field voltage is increased to keep the generator voltage constantly.
If the excitation response is slow, it will not able to keep voltage and the generator cannot keep synchronizing.
* Improve the Dynamic state stability Dynamic stability is improved by Power System Stabilizer (PSS).
PSS is provided in order to improve the power system dynamic stability.
PSS will control the excitation to reduce the power swing rapidly.

4-To suppress the over-voltage on load rejection.
When the load rejection, field current and field voltage should be reduced rapidly to keep terminal voltage constantly and prevent overvoltage.

New Audio Purchases for October 7, 2011

New Audios October 7, 2011
Title	Author(s)
The Affair	Lee Child, Dick Hill
The Backup Plan	Sherryl Woods, Tanya Eby
Bones to Ashes	Kathy Reichs, Lorelei King
Brandwashed	Martin Lindstrom, Dan Woren
Breadcrumbs	Anne Ursu, Erin McGuire, Kirby Heyborne
The Cat's Table	Michael Ondaatje, Michael Ondaatje
Chasing Ghosts, Texas Style	Brad Klinge, Barry Klinge, Patrick Lawlor
Comfort and Joy	India Knight, Anne Flosnik
Confidence Men	Ron Suskind, James Lurie
The Coven	Cate Tiernan, Julia Whelan
A Crack in Everything	Angela Gerst, Xe Sands
The Crowfield Curse	Pat Walsh, Ric Jerrom
Destiny of the Republic	Candice Millard, Paul Michael
Drama	John Lithgow, John Lithgow
Eisenhower	Jim Newton, John H. Mayer
The Eleventh Plague	Jeff Hirsch, Dan Bittner
Envy	J. R. Ward, Eric G. Dove
Falling Together	Marisa de los Santos, Julia Gibson
Frozen In Time	Ali Sparkes, Glen McCready
Game Over	James Patterson, Ned Rust, Milo Ventiniglia
Heat Rises	Richard Castle, Johnny Heller
The Hidden	Jessica Verday, Cassandra Campbell
Icefall	Matthew J. Kirby, Jenna Lamia
Lamb	Bonnie Nadzam, Tavia Gilbert
The Murder of the Century	Paul Collins, William Dufris
My Week with Marilyn	Colin Clark, Simon Prebble
The Night Circus	Erin Morgenstern, Jim Dale
The Night Strangers	Chris Bohjalian, Alison Fraser, Mark Bramhall
The Orchard	Theresa Weir, Ellen Archer
The Price of Civilization	Jeffrey D. Sachs, Richard McGonagle
Quake	Gail Langer Karwoski
The Son of Neptune	Rick Riordan, Joshua Swanson
A Sound Among the Trees	Susan Meissner, Susan Denaker
Stolen Hearts	Jane Tesh, Jim Meskimen
Thigh High	Christina Dodd, Natalie Ross
Tiger's Curse	Colleen Houck, Sanjiv Annika Boras, Jhaveri
Tongue in Chic	Christina Dodd, Christina Traister
Trouble in High Heels	Christina Dodd, Amanda Ronconi
War Horse	Michael Morpurgo, John Keating
When She Woke	Hillary Jordan, Heather Corrigan,

New eBook Purchases for October 7, 2011

New eBook Purchases October 7, 2011
Title	Author(s)
The Accidental Courtesan	Cheryl Ann Smith
The Affair	Lee Child
Aleph	Paulo Coelho
Angels of Darkness	Ilona Andrews, Nalini Singh, Meljean Brook
Anna's Gift	Emma Miller
Arctic Drift	Clive Cussler, Dirk Cussler
Bad Blood	John Sandford
Ballistic	Mark Greaney
The Blood Coven Vampires, Volume 1	Mari Mancusi
Blood Orchid	Stuart Woods
Bloody Jack: Being an Account of the Curious Adventures of Mary "Jacky" Faber, Ship's Boy	L. A. Meyer
Bond of Passion	Bertrice Small
Bride for a Night	Rosemary Rogers
But Inside I'm Screaming	Elizabeth Flock
The Cat's Table	Michael Ondaatje
Cemetery Girl	David Bell
Cocktail Hour Under the Tree of Forgetfulness	Alexandra Fuller
Columbus	Laurence Bergreen
Cutting for Stone	Abraham Verghese
Danger in a Red Dress	Christina Dodd
Dark of the Moon	John Sandford
Dark Places	Gillian Flynn
The Demigod Files	Rick Riordan
The Descendants	Kaui Hart Hemmings
Destiny of the Republic	Candice Millard
Die Trying	Lee Child
Down These Strange Streets	George R. R. Martin, Gardner Dozois
Echo Burning	Lee Child
Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close	Jonathan Safran Foer
Fiction Ruined My Family	Jeanne Darst
Fire and Ice	Anne Stuart
The Floor of Heaven	Howard Blum
Fools Rush In	Kristan Higgins
A Friend of the Family	Lauren Grodstein
Front Page Teaser	Rosemary Herbert
Heat Lightning	John Sandford
Heat Rises	Richard Castle
The Help	Kathryn Stockett
Hometown Girl	Mariah Stewart
How to Crash a Killer Bash	Penny Warner
How to Host a Killer Party	Penny Warner
How to Party with a Killer Vampire	Penny Warner
How to Survive a Killer Seance	Penny Warner
India Black and the Widow of Windsor	Carol K. Carr
Jumping Off Swings	Jo Knowles
The Killer of Little Shepherds	Douglas Starr
Killing Floor	Lee Child
The Kite Runner	Khaled Hosseini
The Last Olympian	Rick Riordan
Legally Dead	Kevin Flynn, Rebecca Lavoie
Liver Let Die	Liz Lipperman
The Lost Stories	John Flanagan
Me & Emma	Elizabeth Flock
The Murder of the Century	Paul Collins
Naked Heat	Richard Castle
The Night Circus	Erin Morgenstern
The Night Strangers	Chris Bohjalian
Prayers and Lies	Sherri Wood Emmons
The Price of Civilization	Jeffrey D. Sachs
Reproduction is the Flaw of Love	Lauren Grodstein
Rough Country	John Sandford
Running Blind	Lee Child
The Secret of the Skeleton Key	Penny Warner
Seduction of a Highland Lass	Maya Banks
Sharp Objects	Gillian Flynn
Shock Wave	John Sandford
Something Old	Dianne Christner
The Sugar Queen	Sarah Addison Allen
A Thousand Splendid Suns	Khaled Hosseini
The Titan's Curse	Rick Riordan
Tomorrow River	Lesley Kagen
Trouble in High Heels	Christina Dodd
The Unquiet	J.D. Robb, Mary Blayney, Patricia Gaffney
The Weight of Silence	Heather Gudenkauf
Whistling In the Dark	Lesley Kagen
A Year and Six Seconds	Isabel Gillies
You Are an Ironman	Jacques Steinberg

Wireless Transfer of eBooks to Your Kindle 3G

For those of you that have a Kindle with cellular (3G access) please know that you must use a wireless network to download the title.

If you have a Kindle that was purchased in the past year, it might be a third generation Kindle. This device can be wi-fi only or have wi-fi and cellular connection options. You must turn on the wi-fi service (not just turn on the wireless) on your device in order to obtain the eBook.

By default, if the cellular signal is good and the wireless network has not been "remembered" by the Kindle, the Kindle will pick up the cellular signal first. The "wireless" is on, but not the correct wireless. Always check to see if 3G or Wi-Fi is list at the top-right of the Kindle's screen. 


Connecting to a wireless network with a Kindle (with Keyboard):

• Turn on your Kindle.
• Push the (physical) “Menu” button from the keyboard.
• Navigate using the 5-way controller to select “Turn Wireless On.”
• The menu will disappear.
• Push the “Menu” button again.
• Use the 5-way controller to select “Settings.”
• A new screen will load…
• Use the 5-way controller to select “Wi-Fi Settings.
• Using the 5 way controller, navigate to and click on “View.”
• Use the 5-way controller to click “Connect” next to the desired network.
• If the SSID of the known network is not broadcasted openly, click on “Enter other Wi-Fi network.
• Using the keyboard, carefully type in the network name and password.

The library book should automatically download to your Kindle. Turn off the wireless connections to save your battery.

Need help understanding the buttons? This page from Kindle includes diagrams and other valuable information about the latest version of the Kindle.

Transferring Library eBooks to the Kindle

Getting your library eBook to your Kindle varies depending on the Kindle model you own.

• The current version of the Kindle is the third generation. 
• (The new Kindles to be shipped next month will be the fourth generation.)
• The third generation has wi-fi OR wi-fi AND cellular (3G). This will allow you to wirelessly send the library eBook to your Kindle. 
• The second generation only has cellular access. You will not be able to send the library eBook to your second generation Kindle wirelessly. Second generation users need to transfer the Kindle Books from NH Downloadable Books with the USB cable that came with the Kindle.

Check out the general Kindle support page:

And transferring titles via USB cable to a second generation Kindle. Or watch this video from Amazon.

This page is also linked from OverDrive's help info for Kindle.

New eBook Purchases for September 30, 2011

New eBooks September 30, 2011
Title	Author(s)
1022 Evergreen Place	Debbie Macomber
7th Heaven	James Patterson, Maxine Paetro
8 Sandpiper Way	Debbie Macomber
The Abandoned	Amanda Stevens
The Affair	Lee Child
All I Ever Wanted	Kristan Higgins
As I Wake	Elizabeth Scott
Bloodlines	Richelle Mead
Breathless	Anne Stuart
Cabin	Lou Ureneck
Catch of the Day	Kristan Higgins
Columbus	Laurence Bergreen
Compromised	Kate Noble
Dead Guilty	Beverly Connor
Death in the City of Light	David King
The Descendants	Kaui Hart Hemmings
Die Trying	Lee Child
Drive Me Wild	Julie Ortolon
Eating Animals	Jonathan Safran Foer
Echo Burning	Lee Child
Everything Is Illuminated	Jonathan Safran Foer
Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close	Jonathan Safran Foer
Fire Study	Maria V. Snyder
Fools Rush In	Kristan Higgins
Frozen Stiff	Annelise Ryan
Getting What You Want	Kathy Love
The Gold Coast	Nelson DeMille
Headhunters	Jo Nesbo
Heat Rises	Richard Castle
Heat Wave	Richard Castle
The Help	Kathryn Stockett
Hometown Girl	Mariah Stewart
Hounding the Pavement	Judi McCoy
In Blood We Trust	Christine Cody
Just One Look	Harlan Coben
Killing Floor	Lee Child
Killing the Blues	Michael Brandman, Robert B. Parker
The Kingdom of Childhood	Rebecca Coleman
Kisser	Stuart Woods
The Kite Runner	Khaled Hosseini
The Language of Flowers	Vanessa Diffenbaugh
Last Child in the Woods	Richard Louv
The Line	Teri Hall
The Little Bride	Anna Solomon
A Long, Long Sleep	Anna Sheehan
A Lot Like Love	Julie James
Magic Study	Maria V. Snyder
My One and Only	Kristan Higgins
Naked Heat	Richard Castle
The Name of the Star	Maureen Johnson
The Night Circus	Erin Morgenstern
Nightwoods	Charles Frazier
No Second Chance	Harlan Coben
Once a Witch	Carolyn MacCullough
One Grave Too Many	Beverly Connor
The Paris Wife	Paula McLain
Proof By Seduction	Courtney Milan
Rescue Me	Christy Reece
The Restorer	Amanda Stevens
Right as Rain	George Pelecanos
Rise of the Wolf	Curtis Jobling
Rules of Civility	Amor Towles
Running Blind	Lee Child
Show Me Good Land	Shonna Milliken Humphrey
Sins of the Angels	Linda Poitevin
Slow Love	Dominique Browning
The Sorceress	Michael Scott
Stork	Wendy Delsol
The Taste of Salt	Martha Southgate
Theodora	Stella Duffy
Thirteen Moons	Charles Frazier
A Thousand Splendid Suns	Khaled Hosseini
The Tipping Point	Malcolm Gladwell
True Blue	David Baldacci
Unclaimed	Courtney Milan
The Unquiet	J.D. Robb, Mary Blayney, Patricia Gaffney
Unveiled	Courtney Milan
When She Woke	Hillary Jordan
A Year and Six Seconds	Isabel Gillies

New Audio Purchases for September 30, 2011

New Audios September 30, 2011
Title	Author(s)
The Affair	Lee Child, Dick Hill
Aleph	Paulo Coelho, Mark Bramhall
The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories	Seuss, Various, Neil Patrick Harris, Anjelica Huston, Jason Lee
The Dark Half	Stephen King, Grover Gardner
Dark Water	Laura McNeal, Eileen Stevens
The Descendants	Kaui Hart Hemmings, Jonathan Davis
Domestic Violets	Matthew Norman, Todd McLaren
Empire of Gold	Andy McDermott, Robin Sachs
The Flint Heart	Katherine Paterson, Ralph Lister, John Paterson
Frost	Wendy Delsol, Julia Whelan
Hound Dog True	Linda Urban, Catherine Taber
An Impartial Witness	Charles Todd, Rosalyn Landor
Moneyball	Michael Lewis, Scott Brick
A Monster Calls	Patrick Ness, Jason Isaacs
The Most Dangerous Thing	Laura Lippman, Linda Emond
The Night Circus	Erin Morgenstern, Jim Dale
Nightwoods	Charles Frazier, Will Patton
River of Smoke	Amitav Ghosh, Sanjiv Jhaveri
The Rum Diary	Hunter S. Thompson, Christopher Lane
Thigh High	Christina Dodd, Natalie Ross
Tongue in Chic	Christina Dodd, Christina Traister
Trouble in High Heels	Christina Dodd, Amanda Ronconi
The Underdogs	Mike Lupica, Kirby Heyborne
We the Animals	Justin Torres, Frankie J. Alvarez
Wild Times at the Bed and Biscuit	Joan Carris, David de Vries

* Please note: OverDrive has changed the formatting of these lists so they no longer contain file labels such as WMA or MP3